Regret from my past: Real Conditionals, Unreal Conditionals, and Whishes

Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.
They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.

There are three types of Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Regret from my past

I regret having studied finance. So far I have not had to work on anything linked to the issue of finance. Both my work experience and my own personal preferences have had to do mainly with areas of education, outreach, graphic design and marketing. Never with finances. If I had known that I would never have to work in finance, I would have studied advertising and psychology.

Exercise on Conditional I Simple

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-1-simple/exercises

Exercise on Conditional Sentences Type 2

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-2/exercises

Exercise on Conditional Sentences Type 3

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-3/exercises

Presentation on Prezi  
https://prezi.com/9nw4zlwcbz9p/real-coditionals-unreal-conditionals-and-wishes/

Passive Voice with Future

Passive Voice with Future

  . Future
The car will be washed
The car will be being washed

  . Future perfect
The car will have been washed
The car will have been being washed

. Future (going to)
The car is going to be washed
The car is going to be being washed

  . Future perfect (going to)
The car is going to have been washed
The car is going to have been being washed

  . Future in past
The car was going to be washed
The car was going to be being washed

. Future perfect in past
The car was going to have been washed
The car was going to have been being washed

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Future I	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Rita.
Future II	Active:	Rita	will have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will have been written	by Rita.

Click here for exercises:

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?04

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?future-1

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?future-2

Verbs - ing Verbs infinitive - Verb obj to infinitive

Verbs followed by gerunds

gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject

Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. 

However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. 

In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. 

Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. 

If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence. 

Examples:

·  Learning is important. normal subject

·  To learn is important. abstract subject - less common

·  The most important thing is learning. normal complement

Use ing after prepositions

Exercises gerunds and infinitives 1

For more exercises: click here:

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/gerunds-and-infinitives-exercise-1.html

http://www.really-learn-english.com/gerunds-and-infinitives.html

Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. 

The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an infinitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

·  To learn is important. subject of sentence

·  The most important thing is to learn. complement of sentence

·  He wants to learn. object of sentence

Gerunds

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." 

The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

·  Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence

·  Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence

·  I enjoy reading. object of sentence

WHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICE

WHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICE

1) Use passive voice when the doer of the action (the subject) is unknown or when mentioning a specific subject is not desirable.

Examples:

• The window was broken during the night.
• The store was robbed.
• The wealthy oil man was kidnapped.
• A pie was thrown at the speaker.
  

2) The passive voice is necessary when the doer of the action (the subject) is less important than the action itself or the result of the action. 

     Examples:

• The lost dog was returned by her neighbor.
• The Klee painting was stolen by the vandals.
• The Stanley Cup was presented by the commissioner. 
• The annual report was presented by the group leader.

• 3) Use the passive voice to soften the effect of a complaint. 

       Example: 

• My letter was torn by the letter carrier. Instead of The letter carrier tore my letter.

For more information:

http://gato-docs.its.txstate.edu/slac/Subject/Writing/Grammer/Recognizing-Passive-Voice/Recognizing%20Passive%20Voice.pdf

 

Forming the passive voice

Steps to Form a Passive Sentence

To form a passive sentence from an active sentence:

1. Move the receiver of the action from the direct object position of the sentence to the subject position of the sentence.
   
   
2. Insert the verb BE in agreement in number with the new subject and in the appropriate tense.
   
   
3. Change the verb to its past participle form.
   
   
4. Optionally place the actor of the verb in the object position after the preposition by.
   
   

• ·         The boys ate the pie.
• ·         The pie was eaten (by the boys).

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present	The boys eat the pie.	The pie is eaten by the boys
Present progressive	The boys are eating the pie	The pie is being eaten by the boys
Present perfect	The boys have eaten the pie	The pie has been eaten by the boys
Past	The boys ate the pie	The pie was eaten by the boys
Past progressive	The boys were eating the pie	The pie was being eaten by the boys
Past perfect	The boys had eaten the pie	The pie had been eaten by the boys
Future	The boys will eat the pie	The pie will be eaten by the boys
Future	The boys are going to eat the pie.	The pie is going to be eaten by the boys
Future perfect	The boys will have eaten the pie	The pie will have been eaten by the boys

The passive voice can also be used with modals

Past modals
Active	The boys could have eaten the pie
Passive	The pie could have been eaten by the boys

Present modals
Active	The boys can eat the pie
Passive	The pie can be eaten by the boys

PASSIVE VOICE WITH INFINITIVES

The infinitive passive voice is used after modal verbs and other most verbs normally followed by an infinitive.

EXAMPLES

• You have to be tested on your English grammar.
  
  
• John might be promoted next year.
  
  
• She wants to be invited to the party.
  
  
• I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
  
  
• You may be disappointed.

 

PASSIVE VOICE WITH GERUNDS

Gerunds are used after prepositions and verbs normally followed by a gerund.

EXAMPLES

• I remember being taught to drive.
  
  
• The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
  
  
• The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.
  
  
• Most film stars hate being interviewed.
  
  
• Most film stars hate to be interviewed.
  
  
• Poodles like to be pampered.
  
  
• Poodles like being pampered.

 

For more exercises go to the next links:

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=55

http://www.eflnet.com/tutorials/passivevoice.php

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/passive-voice/